Cultural and Disease Free Essays

The disease that I am writing about today is Asthma. This disease is a severe allergic reaction in which the bronchial tubes in the lungs swell and become blocked with mucous. The membranes lining the inner walls of the air passages become inflamed, causing the airways to narrow and making it difficult to breathe. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural and Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asthma affects roughly 17 million Americans. Five million of those affected by this disease are under the age of 18, making asthma the most common chronic childhood disease. That means that roughly 1 in 20 people out of the general American population including children currently suffer from this incurable disease. This disease causes more than 14 people to die daily from asthma. In my research I found that over the past decades these figures have been steadily increasing in the United State. As our air, water, and food become more polluted with chemicals more people are affected by Asthma. We will continual to see an increase in this disease as long as infants are introduced to solid foods at an early age, and food additives increase, and plants are genetically manipulated to form foods that have a higher allergic potential. Symptoms of asthma may include recurrent attacks of breathlessness, wheezing when breathing out, a dry cough, and excessive mucous. Tightness in the chest during a severe attack, also include sweating and rapid heartbeat, distress and anxiety, an inability to sleep or speak. This disease potentially increased vulnerability to the effects of exposure to air pollutants. There are those who are innately more susceptible to the effects of exposure to air pollutants than others. Those who become more susceptible for example as a result of environmental or social factors or personal behavior and those who are simply exposed to unusually large amounts of air pollutants. Very young children and unborn babies are also particularly sensitive to some pollutants. People with cardio-respiratory disease or diabetes are susceptible to having Asthma. Also people who are exposed to other toxic materials that add to or interact with air pollutants and those who are socioeconomically deprived. When compared with healthy people, those with respiratory disorders such as chronic bronchitis. Asthma has become one of the top chronic conditions in the United States. It disproportionately affects minorities of school age children and youth. Approximately one in 15 Americans suffers from asthma1 and an estimated 4 million children under 18 have an asthma attack each year. Many African-Americans are exposed to unhealthy living and working conditions that trigger more asthma diagnoses than in any other race or ethnic group. Inner- city living conditions typically are crowded and less sanitary, which creates greater exposure to allergens and an increased risk of developing asthma. In a 2002 study, the American Lung Association reported that 71 percent of African- Americans lived in communities where federal air pollution standards were not met, compared to 58 percent of the white population. There are an estimated 1 million to 2 million new cases of asthma diagnosed in the United States each year. Approximately 3 million African Americans have been diagnosed with asthma at some point in their lives. The Prevalence of asthma in African-Americans is 30 percent higher than whites. Although children of all races and ethnicities are affected, asthma appears to be more prevalent among children who are poor, African-American or Puerto Rican. Asthma is the most common childhood chronic disease and is a national public health concern that challenges both health care and school systems. A quarter of the United State population is made up of children, who comprise 40 percent of reported asthma cases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly one in 13 school- age children has been diagnosed with asthma. Many parents are not informed about how to properly manage their hild asthma attacks. This increase pediatric emergency room visits. Medicaid had more severe asthma and used fewer preventive medications than all children in the same managed Medicaid population. Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, with increasing morbidity and mortality. A genetic predisposition and exposure to allergens have been implicated as major risk factors for the development of asthma. However, increasing evidence indicates that the mother plays a crucial role in mediating the development of fetal-infant immune responses to inhaled allergens. The exact nature and mechanism of this maternal influence and how it might be associated with the development of allergic sensitization and asthma are not clear. Under normal conditions the maternal environment during pregnancy promotes an initial skewed immune response in the offspring which transitions to a non- allergic type response after birth. However the allergic mother’s influence may delay the normal transition to a non-allergic immune response to inhaled allergens in her children increasing the risk for the development of allergic sensitization and or asthma. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which the maternal mmune environment can influence the development of the fetal-infant immune response to inhaled allergens may lead to identifying new targets for the prevention of allergic sensitization and asthma. Asthma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled with proper asthma management. The first step in asthma management is environmental control. Asthmatics cannot escape the environment but through some changes they can control its impact on their health. Some asthmatics use a peak flow meter to gauge their lung function. Lung function decreases before symptoms of an asthma attack occurs. If the meter indicates the peak flow is down by 20 percent or more from your usual best effort an asthma attack is on its way. Other was to managing asthma involves is to use medications. There are two major groups of medications used in controlling asthma attack. Anti -inflammatories corticosteroids and bronchodilators Anti-inflammatories this medication reduces the number of inflammatory cells in the airways and prevent blood vessels from leaking fluid into the airway tissues. By reducing inflammation you can reduce the spontaneous spasm of the airway muscle and reduce having a asthma attach. 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Anti pro free essay sample

PRO: In Senate Bill 2080, Sotto cited the â€Å"influx of heinous crimes in the country nowadays† and the â€Å"indiscriminate and horrendouse brutality happening everywhere† to justify the reinstatement of death penalty. Sotto said the imposition of life imprisonment was a â€Å"non-deterrent against criminality. † His measure is particularly pushing for the revival of death by lethal injection for those found guilty of heinous crimes. When asked on Tuesday if his proposed law will conflict with his pro-life stance, Sotto texted, â€Å"Nope. Thats different. I am pro-life for the unborn and the Filipino family. I am pro-death to heinous criminals. † â€Å"Ang layo, di ba? Im not pro-life for heinous criminals? † he added. In 2006, then-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo approved the commutation to life imprisonment of death row convicts, and eventually signed a law abolishing the death penalty. Sotto was among the senators who staunchly opposed the RH Law, which was enacted in December 2012. The implementation of the RH Law, however, was halted by the Supreme Court pending legal questions on the legislation. Flawed justice system Meanwhile, in Malacanang, Presidential Communications Operations Office head Herminio Coloma Jr. reiterated that President Benigno Aquino III has yet to tackle the issue with his Cabinet. â€Å"Hihintayin na lang po natin iyong panukalang iyan dahil hindi pa naman ito napapagpasyahan o hindi pa naman ito tinatalakay o inilalahad sa Gabinete. Hintayin na lang po natin ang panukala hinggil diyan,† Coloma said at a press briefing. Coloma admitted that one of the Presidents reservations was regarding the weak justice system in the country. â€Å"If the justice system is flawed, delikado iyong mga mapaparusahan na inosente, di ba? Iyon iyong isa sa mga concerns,† he said, adding that reforms are still ongoing. In the meantime, Coloma said law enforcers remain vigilant against criminal elements. â€Å"Lahat ng paglabag sa batas ay siniseryoso ng ating pamahalaan dahil ito ay hindi katanggap-tanggap,† he said, adding crime prevention is best achieved through community efforts. — with Kimberly Jane Tan/KBK, GMA News senate Deputy Minority Leader Vicente Sotto III on Tuesday disputed the claim of critics that the death penalty will not prevent or reduce the commission of heinous crimes, and that its revival favors the rich. In an interview, Sotto, a pro-life solon, cited what he called compelling reasons for reviewing the death penalty under Senate Bill No. 2080, seeking to repeal Republic Act No. 9346. The latter is also known as â€Å"An Act prohibiting the imposition of Death Penalty in the Philippines. † Sotto recalled how, in the 9th or 10th Congress â€Å"we were very successful in imposing the death penalty for compelling reasons, and there were compelling reasons during that time. Now, there are also compelling reasons [because of the alarming frequency and gravity of] heinous crimes,† Sotto said. Sotto cited the recent case of a 6-year-old girl in Malate, Manila who was raped and killed by a drug addict. â€Å"Well, the marijuana addict last week who raped and killed a 6-year-old girl [gave the excuse that he was high on marijuana]. † â€Å"Is that an excuse? It is not an excuse. Voluntary intoxication is not an excuse; it can never be an excuse. Whether marijuana, shabu or whatever. Then I’ll go back to the cause, the drug trafficking issue. The big-time drug traffickers should be meted out the death penalty,† he said. Sotto argued that life imprisonment does not deter the commission of heinous and other drug-related cases but with death penalty, there is a big chance of checking these. â€Å"If you look it up in the dictionary, the meaning of death means also to inhibit. When you remove a criminal from the face of the earth you inhibit him from doing the same again,† Sotto said, inviting attention to the â€Å"record of the Department of Justice, under whose watch so many people have fled the country. † It took 10 years for drug trafficking to again surface in the country after the Marcos administration sentenced Lim Seng by firing squad for drugs. â€Å"The proposal is not to deter but to prevent them from doing it again, and also [to instill fear in criminals]; and remember the record will speak for itself, when Lim Seng was shot, meted the death penalty by firing squad it almost took 10 years before drug trafficking started again in the Philippines,† Sotto said. Sotto also rejected the arguments by some critics that imposition of death penalty violates the Constitution, and this was the reason Congress repealed the law. â€Å"That was in the Constitution, but the Constitution provided that we (Congress) may impose the re-imposition of the death penalty for compelling reasons and we cited the compelling reasons during that time and the compelling reasons are the heinous crimes that being committed,† he said. ANTI: No room for death penalty: Bringing back the death penalty will do more harm in the countrys far-from-perfect criminal justice system, said Department of Justice (DOJ) Secretary Leila de Lima Thursday, January 30. In an interview with reporters, De Lima said the harms of a false conviction increase and become irreparable with capital punishment given the irreversible nature of death. Ang death penalty kasi irreversible na yan. Once imposed, hindi mo na pwedeng mabawi yan. And then ang criminal justice, alam naman natin lahat yan, marami pang flaws. So, paano kung ngakakamali tayo sa mga hinahatulan? she explained. (The death penalty is irreversible. Once imposed, you cant overturn it. And then, as we all know, our criminal justice system still has a lot flaws. So, what if we falsely convict [criminal suspects]? ) The debate on death penalty resurfaced after Senator Vicente Tito Sotto sought for its revival in Congress. The senator, citing recent spike in serious crimes, challenged the effectiveness of life imprisonment in deterring criminals. Life imprisonment or reclusion perpetua is currently the maximum penalty imposed upon convicted state criminals. The Republic Act (RA) 7659 or the Death Penalty Law was abolished in 1986 during the term of Former President Corazon Aquino, mother of incumbent President Benigno Aquino III. It was reintroduced by former President Fidel V Ramos in 1993, but was suspended again in 2006 under former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Knee-jerk reaction De Lima regards Sottos proposal as a band-aid solution to criminal activity. Sa tingin ko diyan, with all due respect to Senator Sotto, baka na naman knee-jerk reaction naman yan noh on eto na namang spate of mga drug raids, dahil mainit nga yung usapin ng presence ng foreign drug elements or sinasabing mga cartel within the country, she said. (What I think is, with all due respect to Senator Sotto, that might be a knee-jerk reaction to the spate of drug raids [by anti-drug state operatives], because of the controversy on the presence of foreign drug elements or the so-called cartel within the country. ) De Lima added that the best deterrent to crimes is the certainty of prosecution and punishment. Retrogression The justice secretary said the element of deterrence is present anyway in the current penal system, making death penalty unnecessary. Her stand echoed a previous statement from President Aquino: As for deterrence, I dont think thats the only solution for deterrence. She added that the proposed revival of RA 7659 is a step backwards for the Philippines, citing the countrys compliance with international commitments. We will be reneging from our treaty commitments. Signatory tayo sa (We are a signatory to the) protocol the ICCPR or the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights The Philippines undertook, as a signatory not to impose death penalty It would be a retrogression ng sistema natin(of our system), she explained. – Rappler. com 10 Reasons to Oppose the Death Penalty Innocence and the Death Penalty The wrongful execution of an innocent person is an injustice that can never be rectified. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty, 142 men and women have been released from death row nationally. The High Cost of the Death Penalty It costs far more to execute a person than to keep him or her in prison for life. Death Penalty Can Prolong Suffering for Victims Families Many family members who have lost love ones to murder feel that the death penalty will not heal their wounds nor will it end their pain; the extended legal process prior to executions can prolong the agony experienced by the victims families. International Views on the Death Penalty The vast majority of countries in Western Europe, North America and South America more than 139 nations worldwide have abandoned capital punishment in law or in practice. Inadequate Legal Representation Perhaps the most important factor in determining whether a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the representation he or she is provided. Deterrence Scientific studies have consistently failed to demonstrate that executions deter people from committing crime anymore than long prison sentences. Arbitrariness in the Application of the Death Penalty Politics, quality of legal counsel and the jurisdiction where a crime is committed are more often the determining factors in a death penalty case than the facts of the crime itself. Religious Perspectives on the Death Penalty Although isolated passages of religious scripture have been quoted in support of the death penalty, almost all religious groups in the United States regard executions as immoral. Racial Disparities The race of the victim and the race of the defendant in capital cases are major factors in determining who is sentenced to die in this country. In 1990 a report from the General Accounting Office concluded that in 82 percent of the studies [reviewed], race of the victim was found to influence the likelihood of being charged with capital murder or receiving the death penalty, i. e. those who murdered whites were more likely to be sentenced to death than those who murdered blacks. Alternatives to the Death Penalty In every state that retains the death penalty, jurors have the option of sentencing convicted capital murderers to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The sentence is cheaper to tax-payers and keeps violent offenders off the streets for good.

John F. Kennedy and Turning Point free essay sample

On November 22, 1963 one of the largest turning points during the 20th century, it was the day of John F. Kennedy’s assassination. â€Å"JFK’s death seemed symbolic: a man in whom so much hope had been invested was cut off in his prime, during his first term as President, before he had a chance to show what he could achieve. † (Bennett) This time of history was more than just an event it changed the future events in history for America. It was a turning point for how Americans especially Kennedy’s supporters felt about the future of their country. There was so many events going on in the world prior to Kennedy’s assassination. In 1961, the Berlin wall was erected and the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. The Bay of Pigs expedition remained fresh in everyone’s minds. â€Å"In addition, civil war in Laos and increasing tension between South and North Vietnam foreshadowed America’s long and painful involvement in south-east Asia, while Communist China, increasingly self-confident and aggressive, split with its Soviet mentor and contemplated developing nuclear weapons. We will write a custom essay sample on John F. Kennedy and Turning Point or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kennedy faced a basic dilemma: how could the US stand firm in the fight against global communism, while avoiding a nuclear cataclysm?† (Bennett) President Kennedy was in the middle of making some decisions that would change the future of America forever. According to Moss, â€Å"at the time of his death, Kennedy’s Vietnam policy was in disarray and his administration was divided over what to do about the failing war against the VietCong. † The subsequent events that were dependent on the leadership of Kennedy were the results of the Vietnam War. Many of Kennedy’s supporters felt passionate that had he not been assassinated that the Vietnam War would have never involved America. â€Å" Kennedy loyalists and several scholars have argued that  had Kennedy lived, he was planning to extricate the United States from South Vietnam sometime in 1965 and that there would have been no American war in that country. † (Moss) There are many subsequent articles that report that Kennedy had no intention of backing America support out of South Vietnam but his supporters had faith that our countries involvement in in Indochina would have ceased in just a few short months. Rather the involvement in Vietnam became more intense and American sent over more support and money. President Johnson took over the leadership of the American troops and involvement in the Indochina battle. With the change in presidency, no one will ever know what choices President Kennedy would have made or if the Vietnam War would have been prevented and never occurred at all. John F. Kennedy’s assassination was a large turning point for the government and the future of America, but it was also a major turning point for the faith and moral of the American people. Americans were excited for the future with Kennedy’s plan and he was young fresh leader for the county, for the people to see such a shocking and unexpected event it was a turning event for how the future of America was perceived and possibly how events actually occurred.

The People Of The Kalahari Desert Essays - San People, Ergs

The People Of The Kalahari Desert Essays - San People, Ergs The People of the Kalahari Desert Part One Introduction, Location and Environment The people of the Kalahari desert are extraordinary people. For centuries their hunting and food gathering techniques have enabled them to survive in the difficult environment of the dry, hot and barren Kalahari desert. They are known as the Bushmen. Or the Kung or the Gikwe since Bushmen is rather discriminating because the "Bushmen" live among shrubs and trees and sand and such. The people of Kalahari Desert live in a dry bush desert in South-West Africa and western Bechuanaland, bordered in the North by Lake Ngami and the Okovngo River in the South by the Orange river and west by the Damera Hills. The Kalahari is there all low with sand dunes and great plains. A hostile country of thirst and heat. A country with scorpions, thorny bushes and of course sand as far as the eye can see and perpetual dust. In the hot months it the temperature goes up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. In the months of winter, which are June and July, the winds from the Antarctic cold blow at night. But during the day it eventually rises up to around 80 degrees Fahrenheit and drops down in the evening. There are only three months of winter and these begin in December and in March the drought season starts and by August all the water holes that were made during the rainy season are dried up. It is not dead, the desert. There are boabab trees that give pear shaped fruits, flowers, and blossoms resembling gardenias. There are tall grasses. There are bushes flowering either red, white or violet flowers, tsama melons which very much look like watermelons and are the size of a small cantaloupe. There are also mogongo nuts that are very high in protein. When in season one person can eat as many as 400 nuts. These people who inhabit the dry, barren Kalahari have a hard life, so it seems... But, really, do they? Part two Food Resources and Technology Living in the hot sandy Kalahari might seem very difficult, even impossible. But if one knows the secrets of the desert. The desert will give you a living. The people of the Kalahari know these secrets. No fancy machinery necessary. No modern technology needed. Only simple handmade tools and weapons such as digging sticks, little axes, bows and arrows, small traps or snares, knives. Not to mention their senses and their wits. They poison the arrows so the game will die faster when hit. The poison is extracted from a certain grub. Great hunters know where the best place to shoot an animal so the poison will work best. Great hunters also know how to make the finest arrows. They also know all the habits of all the animals from the mice to the antelopes, they know what time of day that is best for hunting, too. There are quite a few food resources such as tsama melons, mongongo nuts, roots, berries, wildebeests, kudu, gemsbok, antelopes, steenbok, porcupines, elands, small animals like the mongoose and the chicken fowl, birds- even babies-, wild boars as well as honey from the bees. And of course there are a couple of temporary and permanent water holes around. They use digging sticks to dig up roots, they gather tsama melons, mongongo nuts, and berries. They hunt game with bows and arrows and spears on foot. They cook mongongo nuts in hot ashes, eat the entire animal from the hide-which they work into leather sometimes- to the marrow inside the bones. Of course this might seem like a lot a meat since the game is plentiful but really 80 percent of their diet is vegetables. Sometimes when cooking meat they cook it in the rind of the tsama melon with the liquid still inside and it makes a stew. The people are smart and know their land very well. Therefore as long as they know the secrets the hot desert holds, the desert will give them a living and they'll never go hungry. Part three Social System and Leisure The size of the groups vary from 20 to 100 people or even 200 people per group. The groups have to

The Story of Nat Turners Rebellion

The Story of Nat Turners Rebellion Nat Turner’s Rebellion was an intensely violent episode which broke out in August 1831 when slaves in southeastern Virginia rose up against white residents of the area. During a two-day rampage, more than 50 whites were killed, mostly by being stabbed or hacked to death. The leader of the slave uprising, Nat Turner, was an unusually charismatic character. Though born a slave, he had learned to read. And he was reputed to possess knowledge of scientific subjects. He was also said to experience religious visions, and would preach religion to his fellow slaves. While Nat Turner was able to draw followers to his cause, and organize them to commit murder, his ultimate purpose remains elusive. It was widely assumed that Turner and his followers, numbering about 60 slaves from local farms, intended to flee into a swampy area and essentially live outside society. Yet they didnt seem to make any serious effort to leave the area.   It is possible Turner believed he could invade the local county seat, seize weapons, and make a stand. But the odds of surviving a counterattack from armed citizens, local militia, and even federal troops, would have been remote. Many of the participants in the rebellion, including Turner, were captured and hanged. The bloody uprising against the established order failed. Yet Nat Turner’s Rebellion lived on in popular memory. The slave insurrection in Virginia in 1831 left a long and bitter legacy. The violence unleashed was so shocking that severe measures were put in place to make it more difficult for slaves to learn to read and to travel beyond their homes. And the slave uprising led by Turner would influence attitudes about slavery for decades. Anti-slavery activists, including William Lloyd Garrison and others in the abolitionist movement, saw the actions of Turner and his band as a heroic effort to break the chains of slavery. Pro-slavery Americans, startled and deeply alarmed by the sudden outbreak of violence, began to accuse the small but vocal abolitionist movement of actively motivating slaves to revolt. For years, any action taken by the abolitionist movement, such as the pamphlet campaign of 1835, would be interpreted as an attempt to inspire those in bondage to follow the example of Nat Turner. Life of Nat Turner Nat Turner was born a slave on October 2, 1800, in Southampton County, in southeastern Virginia. As a child he exhibited unusual intelligence, quickly learning to read. He later claimed he could not recall learning to read; he just set about to do it and essentially acquired reading skills spontaneously. Growing up, Turner became obsessed with reading the Bible, and became a self-taught preacher in a slave community. He also claimed to experience religious visions. As a young man, Turner escaped from an overseer and fled into the woods. He remained at large for a month, but then voluntarily returned. He related the experience in his confession, which was published following his execution: About this time I was placed under an overseer, from whom I  ran away - and after remaining in the woods thirty days, I returned, to the astonishment of the negroes on the plantation, who thought I had made my escape to some other part of the country, as my father had done before.But the reason of my return was, that the Spirit appeared to me and said I had my wishes directed to the things of this world, and not to the kingdom of Heaven, and that I should return to the service of my earthly master - For he who knoweth his Masters will,  and doeth it not, shall be beaten with many stripes, and thus, have I chastened you. And the negroes found fault, and  murmured against me, saying that if they had my sense they would not serve any master in the world.And about this time I had a vision - and I saw white spirits and black spirits engaged in battle, and the sun was darkened - the thunder rolled in the Heavens, and blood flowed in streams - and I heard a voice saying, Such is y our luck, such you are called to see, and let it come rough or smooth, you must surely bear it.I now withdrew myself as much as my situation would permit, from the intercourse of my fellow servants, for the avowed purpose of serving the Spirit more fullyand it appeared to me, and reminded me of the things it had already shown me, and that it would then reveal to me the knowledge of the elements, the revolution of the planets, the operation of tides, and changes of the seasons.After this revelation in the year 1825, and the knowledge of the elements being made known to me, I sought more than ever to obtain true holiness before the great day of judgment should appear, and then I began to receive the true knowledge of faith. Turner also related that he began to receive other visions. One day, working in the fields, he saw drops of blood on ears of corn. Another day he claimed to have seem images of men, written in blood, on leaves of trees. He interpreted the signs to mean a great day of judgment was at hand. In early 1831 a solar eclipse was interpreted by Turner as a sign that he should act. With his experience of  preaching to other slaves, and he was able to organize a small band to follow him.   The Rebellion In Virginia On a Sunday afternoon, August 21, 1831, a group of four slaves gathered in the woods for a barbecue. As they cooked a pig, Turner joined them, and the group apparently formulated the final plan to attack nearby white landowners that night. In the early morning hours of August 22, 1831, the group attacked the family of the man who owned Turner. By stealthily entering the house, Turner and his men surprised the family in their beds, killing them by slashing them to death with knives and axes. After leaving the familys house, Turners accomplices realized they had left a baby sleeping in a crib. They returned to the house and killed the infant. The brutality and efficiency of the killings would be repeated throughout the day. And as more slaves joined Turner and the original band, the violence quickly escalated. In various small groups, slaves armed with knives and axes would ride up to a house, surprising the residents, and quickly murder them. Within about 48 hours more than 50 white residents of Southampton County were murdered. Word of the outrages spread quickly. At least one local farmer armed his slaves, and they helped fight off a band of Turners disciples. And at least one poor white family, who owned no slaves, were spared by Turner, who told his men to ride past their house and leave them alone. As the groups of rebels struck farmsteads they tended to collect more weapons. Within a day the improvised slave army had obtained firearms and gunpowder. It has been assumed that Turner and his followers may  have intended to march on the county seat of Jerusalem, Virginia, and seize weapons stored there. But a group of armed white citizens managed to find and attack a group of Turners followers before that could happen. A number of rebellious slaves were killed and wounded in that attack, and the rest scattered into the countryside. Nat Turner managed to escape and evade detection for a month. But he was eventually chased down and surrendered. He was imprisoned, put on trial, and hanged. Impact of Nat Turners Rebellion The insurrection in Virginia was reported in a Virginia newspaper, the Richmond Enquirer, on August 26, 1831. The initial reports said local families had been killed, and considerable military force might be required to subdue the disturbers. The article in the Richmond Enquirer mentioned that militia companies were riding to Southampton County, delivering supplies of arms and ammunition. The newspaper, in the same week as the rebellion had occurred, was calling out for vengeance: But that these wretches will rue the day on which they broke loose upon the neighboring population is most certain. A terrible retribution will fall upon their heads. Dearly will they pay for their madness and misdeeds. In the following weeks, newspapers along the East Coast carried news of what was generally termed an insurrection. Even in an era before the penny press and the telegraph, when news still traveled by letter on ship or horseback, accounts from Virginia were published widely. After Turner was captured and jailed, he provided a confession in a series of interviews. A book of his confession was published, and it remains the primary account of his life and deeds during the uprising. As fascinating as Nat Turners confession is, it should probably be considered with some skepticism. It was published, of course, by a white man who was not sympathetic to Turner or to the cause of the enslaved. So its presentation of Turner as perhaps delusional may have been an effort to portray his cause as utterly misguided. Legacy of Nat Turner The abolitionist movement often invoked Nat Turner as a heroic figure who rose up to fight against oppression. Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Toms Cabin, included a portion of Turners confession in the appendix of one of her novels. In 1861, the abolitionist author Thomas Wentworth Higginson, wrote an account of Nat Turners Rebellion for the Atlantic Monthly. His account placed the story in historical context just as the Civil War was beginning. Higginson was not merely an author, but had been an associate of John Brown, to the extent that he was identified as one of the Secret Six who helped finance Browns 1859 raid on a federal armory. John Browns ultimate goal when he launched his raid on Harpers Ferry was to inspire a slave rebellion and succeed where Nat Turners Rebellion, and an earlier slave rebellion planned by Denmark Vesey, had failed.

Managing High Performance commons assessment Essay

Managing High Performance commons assessment - Essay Example The firm also has to identify appropriate personnel to be promoted to management positions. This will be the focus of this paper. Performance management is defined by Armstrong as â€Å"the process of establishing shared understanding about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved, and an approach to managing and developing people that improves individual, team and organizational performance† (2009 p. 55). This implies that an organization has some goals or objectives to be achieved and these should be shared by all employees. In other words, employees should strive towards achieving company goals if the company is to have sustained success. However, employees are different and as such have different performance levels. Some are high performers while others are low performers and the managers should deal with low performance as early as possible for the success of the company. According to Cardy and Leonard (2011 p 137-138) it is not only low performance that needs to be checked but also high performance to understand success factors and enhance them. Rewarding high performance is also essent ial in ensuring the company maintains best talent by keeping such employees motivated. One way to achieve this goal is through promotions and recognitions. The first question that managers need to ask themselves is; who are the high performers? In this case, as a consultant I would advice the management to have a carefully devised job description which outlines what is to be performed, standards of performance, and how to measure performance (Armstrong 2009). The goals or standards against which performance is to be measured should be a mutual understanding between management and employees so that they can own up the process and be able to assess their own performance. Those who achieve beyond the expected standards are considered high performance and are best suited for promotions.

NBA Lockout Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NBA Lockout Paper - Essay Example They two parties could not come to a consensus regarding the division of revenue and the proposed structure of the salary cap and taxation of the player’s luxury. During the period of the lockout, the player could not access NBA team facilities, trainer or staff; they could not make any trades, sign or contact the players. This led to player signing other contract in countries like Asia and Europe and left a possibility of returning to the NBA after the conclusion of the NBA lockout. A tentative deal was eventually reached in November 26 2011 and allowed for the start of the season shortly thereafter. Following a previous lock in the 1998- 99 season, a six year contract was agreed between the owners and the players. This meant that the CBA was set to expire by 2005. A new agreement was meant to take place but, there were several issues that blocked a new contract. The issues include the age limit for the rookies that were to be drafted in the NBA, limiting the length of the lo ng term contract that many teams had to sign with their players and the toughening of the existing drug testing program. The two parties reached an agreement that prevented a lock out in 2005. This deal was meant to grant the player 57 percent of the Basketball Related Income (BRI). This deal was also meant to last six years. Due to the economic crisis, eight officials of NBA asked the Commissioner David Stern to address the issue on Large market and Small market teams (Rosner 78). He said the current economic system only worked for the large market teams which made them successful but, those small teams were facing major losses. The two parties under the CBA began to look for a possible solution to this issue that seemed to get out of hand. The league declared that it was losing close to 300 million dollars in a year. This meant that out of a possible 30 teams, 22 were counting losses. Therefore, they proposed that the player’s salary was to be reduced to 40 %, which came to about 800 million. They also recommended for the salary cap to be reduced to $ 45 million opposing the current one at 58 million. These recommendations were not taken lightly as the union disputed the figures and were steadfast to oppose these changes. Billy Hunter, the director of the union advised the player for a lockout. Negotiations continued regarding the salary cap, and the newest proposal known as the flex cap was meant to limit the payroll at 62 million but reprimand on the event that the team’s payroll exceeded the average league payroll of the season. The Union still felt that this was a hard cap (Washington post ). Players offered a salary reduction cut an estimate of about 500 million over the next five years from 57 to 54.3 Percent. However, the owners proposed a 2 billion cut for the next ten years. On June 30 2011, both side tried to resolve the key issues of the BRI splits and salary cap but, there were no able to come into an agreement. The owners demanded a bigger portion making claims of losing money whereas, the players were willing to make special considerations, but they refused to completely cave to the demand of the owners. This eventually to a break off and the CBA expired. With the NBA player deciding to reject the latest offer, the mutli billion dollar game ended in a crash. The players disclaimed their union and ended its right to negotiate on their behalf.